A Peptic Ulcer is an open sore in the mucous membrane of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). Ulcer in the stomach is called a Gastric Ulcer and an ulcer in the Duodenum is called a Duodenal Ulcer. Most instances of both Gastric and Duodenum ulcers are now known to be due to the presence of Helicobacter Pylori or H.pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the acid environment of the stomach. These ulcers can also be caused by drugs such as Aspirin, or other NSAIDs.
H.pylori is usually contracted in childhood, and most humans who are infected will never develop the symptoms. It is estimated that about 2/3 of the world population are infected by this bacterium. The bacterium lives only in the human stomach, and is the only known organism that can thrive in that highly acidic environment.
Symptoms of a Peptic Ulcer may be:
The diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori can be by:
Antibiotics are the most effective treatment against H.pylori. Combinations of 2 antibiotics and an acid reducer are required, and are taken over 1 to 2 week period.
Treatment usually leads to clearing the infection, relieving the symptoms and eventually healing the ulcer.
Infection can recur, and retreatment may be necessary